International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub

The experimental study is about the optimizing the cutting process parameters of the WEDM (Wirecut Electric Discharge Machining) during the machining of Titanium Ti 6Al-4V (Grade 5) material. The high strength and high hardness of Titanium Ti 6Al-4V (Grade 5) alloy offers a challenging task in obtaining a better surface finish and Material Removal Rate. The material removal rate and the surface roughness of Titanium Ti 6Al-4V (Grade 5) is carried out and an excellent machined surface can be obtained by the setting the machining parameters at optimum level by various experimental study of material while machining in WEDM. The machining parameters such as Pulse ON time (TON), Pulse OFF time (TOFF), Gap Voltage (GV) and Wire Feed Rate (WFR) used as input parameters to attain optimum output responses like Material Removal Rate(MRR) and surface roughness using Taguchi’s DOE approach. In this present work, 9 Experiments were conducted for 4 inputs Parameter and 3 levels for each Input parameter and the experimental results of MRR were analysed using Taguchi method. From the Signal to Noise ratio values of MRR, the optimum levels of selected Input Process Parameter were found successfully

In olden days our ancestors followed an effective seasonal method for traditional agriculture. But due to changes in the climatic conditions and natural disasters, the seasonal method is not working effectively nowadays. Internet of Things is trying to do smart farming and it’s becoming a trend now. But, research shows that the smart farming is degrading the quality of farming and agriculture. In order to provide a quality farming, we propose a new dynamic clustering and data gathering system for harnessing the IoT in agriculture. This paper provides a new IoT based Smart Farming using Hybrid Monitoring System called the AgriGeek, supported with a mobile interfaced application which improves the efficiency of smart farming. AgriGeek helps the farmers to remotely monitor and control their farmland, harvested crops and farming equipment through mobile phones. A well-connected farming network has been created for knowledge sharing among the farmers by measuring agri-related information like temperature, humidity, soil PH, soil

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are technologies that make it possible for humans to control external devices merely using their cortical potentials rather than normal output pathways such as muscles or peripheral nerves. BCIs present a hope towards restoration of independence for people affected by neurological disorders or disable individuals. Hybrid visual BCI (V-BCI) i.e. BCIs those are using two or more types of visual evoked potential for its operation, are providing promising results than other all BCI systems types. Over past two decades research and development in hybrid V-BCI systems have grown tremendously. Recently lot of efforts has been placed to make laboratory validated hybrid V-BCI systems to work in real life applications for disables. In this paper we argue on possible futuristic applications of hybrid V-BCI systems and its clinical relevance. We will present existing restrictions of hybrid V-BCI technology and its futuristic expectations.

Starting from March of 2020, the explosion of the COVID-19 causes the global education system to close and forced it to alternatively opt for immediate online teaching practices. All nations are surrounded by a context where millions of students are no more in the classroom and the only left option is the off class teaching. The Moroccan education system is one example among many others. On its turn it, switched right away to procedures and decision required by such urgent situation of confinement. This paper focuses on a case of Moroccan national education system. Different strategies are presented to summarise the current online teaching experience in Morocco. The study concludes with eight impact principles for online education: (a) high relevance between online teaching design and student learning, (b) prior planning of online teaching contents, (c) adequate assistance and psychological support to students, (d) reduced fear, pressure, and confusion creates a suitable online learning environment (e) high participation improves student engagement and online learning outcomes, (f) support and supply technologically-based education resources, (g) equip and train instructors with tools and techniques to using online education platforms, (h), design online emergency programs and plans to serve in unexpected situations.

The smart grid harnesses the power of information technology to provide energy intelligently using two-way communication and wisely meets environmental requirements by facilitating the integration of green technologies. The intelligent network is a system based on communication and information technology in the generation, delivery and consumption of energy. It uses the bi-directional flow of information to create an automated and widely distributed system that has new features such as real-time control, operational efficiency, network resilience and better integration of renewable technology that will reduce the carbon footprint. Any interruptions in power generation could disrupt the stability of the smart grid and could potentially have major socio-economic impacts. These survey documents provide various classifications of smart grid attacks, most of which are based on confidentiality, integrity or availability. We examine cyber security goals in the smart network and describe a new classification of cyber attacks based on a method used by hackers or penetration testers. This document provides an overview of the current state and future directions of cyber security of the intelligent network. The main contribution of this review is to provide a complete overview of resilience in power systems: definitions, frameworks, metrics and practices.

Linear quadratic problems are fundamental problem of optimal control system. These are introduced in linear system by additive white Gaussian noise. This problem is overcome with help of linear quadratic Gaussian controller. Controller is combination of optimal estimator and Kalman Filter used to compensate the noises in system.The main prospective of paper to design a LQG with Extended Kalman Filter for position control of dc servo motor. The direct implementation of LQG with kalman filter is adapting to change system parameters. EKF allows values of parameter estimation with unknown state of system. ANN based technique are used to compare characteristic of the controller different parameters. To evaluate system characteristics with three techniques 1) ANN 2) LQG 3) Extended Kalman Filter.

The paper deals with study of SMC for a robot manipulator. The property of the robot manipulator has low sensitivity to distortions and more efficient than other controllers. The tracking control difficulty for two-link robot manipulator which obeys the Lyapunov stability theorem, the back stepping control (BC) and (SMC) is denoted. The comparison of PID controller and SMC controller has been done by the application of Two-link robot manipulator by using MATLAB technique by constructing simulink models. The stability has been elaborated by comparing the performance of the PID and SMC and investigating the most efficient controller.

This paper represents the design of an Arduino based gesture controlled automated wheelchair. The design is developed with a gesture recognition system, which allows the physically disabled person to control the wheelchair by slight moment of finger who have issues in hand movement due to ageing or paralysis for joystick-controlled wheelchairs. The design also provides some additional features such as obstacle detection for the safe movement. To implement the design, Arduino Mega2560, ultra-sonic module, and motor controller circuits are used to drive the wheelchair. The designed wheelchair system does require a wearable sensor for obtaining the finger motion to control wheelchair movement (i.e. Accelerometer sensors). The proposed structure is relatively simple and cheaper that can benefit a huge population of ordinary people to have an automated wheelchair.

Renewable based power generation is rising rapidly due to high energy demand and carbon issues. Partial shading effect of the PV system leads to a significant reduction of the energy yield and quantity of reduction is depending on the geometry of shading effect. The incremental conductance and integral controller are used in this paper to display the maximum power point in the PV device. During bad weather conditions, insulated PV systems do not have enough power to supply the consumer. The key suggestions of this paper are to use the deficient power needed for the PV system through grid and to fed the PV system surplus power to the grid. The new control mode is used to monitor the PV current that uses two control loops for feedback. The current mode control system is a scheme for regulating electronic DC-DC power converters. On a PV system using MATLAB/SIMULINK a complete model of 100KW grid connected solar photovoltaic system using current mode controlled two-level three-phase VSC.

Rapid development in technology to provide security to data in the form of images is a major issue. So to provide security to the original image, watermark image embedded in it. In this paper we use self embedded watermark using fragile watermark technique. Authenticity of an image can be tested using block based technique of self embedding fragile watermarking; to represent the entire image the feature image watermark is used. In each 2x2non overlapping block four authentication bits and eight recovery bits are generated. In each block three least significant bits are embedded with authentication bits and recovery bits are embedded in the three least significant bits of the mapped block This paper mainly summarizes the Selection of image, method of watermark insertion, detection and tamper localization and recovery procedure. The experimental results of this proposed method shows visual quality of image recovery better than some of the schemes.

Digital leaning is all about when we are imparting instructions with the use of technology. It helps in today scenario a lot where everywhere is lockdown and increase of COVID-19 cases, the learning and teaching process is not carrying forward in effective way. So, digital learning gives us a platform to provide knowledge of a subject by using means of different applications. This paper deals with the how digital learning helpful in the learning – teaching process of science. In this context also deals with the results of the survey of Class 6 to 10 that how much they prefer digital learning especially in science subject and conclusion of the whole paper that how to overcome some barriers in digital learning.

Multilevel space-time trellis codes with multiple inputs and multiple outputs under the presence of the Hoyt fading in the communication channel are illustrated. The spectral efficiency shoots higher substantially if a code is spread out at more than one level, due to the fact that bandwidth used to transmit more symbols is same as that used to transmit less symbols in case of a single level system. Complexity of decoding a system with more than one level increases but using a multistage decoder it can be dealt with. The resultant system with multiple levels of coding and multiple stages of decoding maintains the balance between spectral efficiency and decoding complexity with desirable error performance.

Resource consumption is about the consumption of non-renewable or renewable resources. Water, oil, natural gas, environmental degradation, deforestation, resource depletion, energy consumption etc. unsustainable consumption by steadily increasing population may lead to resource depletion. Natural resource management is the management of natural resources like water, land soil, plants and animals. With a particular focus on how management focus on living styles for present and future generations. India is fast moving towards crisis of ground water(GW) overdose. National per capita annual availability of water has reduced 15% from 2001 to 2011. A common man has important role in natural resource management. Even being at home he might be consuming or conservating natural resources in terms of fuel for vehicle, gas for kitchen, water for bath, electricity for light and gadgets. Two things need to be focused one the environment in which we live and other our own body.We need to know how much we consume our natural resources daily so we consume less and conserve more, we can leave behind a healthy future for generations to come. We need to know what natural resources are and out of them what actually we daily consuming even being at home. Lockdown has increased or decreased consumption of natural resources, how much our life style depleting these natural resources and how to conserve it for future generations, is central theme of this paper. Awareness, conservation of natural resources and its consumption in home, is analyzed in the paper.

In today’s communications, the main challenging facet is Security of LTE systems in terms of various areas such as mutual authentication, key management, forward and backward secrecy, use of efficient security tools, etc. For proper key management, the generation and distribution of random keys is of main concern which can be done with the help of dynamic security tools. In this paper, main features of security tools like, Docker, Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA), Token-based authentication have been reviewed. Docker provides containerized environment based on application virtualization and also lighter than virtual machines. To define cryptographic concepts and algorithms, JCA cites design patterns and an extensible framework for Java platform. Token-based authentication method or system is used to provide secure user access to server using a token, like smart cards.

Textile Industry is one of the most significant and biggest industrial sectors known. In terms of environmental impact it exhibit very important role, since it consumes huge quantity of textile industrial processed water and generates vastly polluted discharge water. This industry utilizes high volume of water throughout its operation, from the washing of fibers to bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, printing and washing of finished products and releases waste water in the nearby water reservoirs which makes the water harmful to aquatic organisms and plants. Therefore this study is carried out to find the concentration of Titanium metal in effluent water and for that the samples were collected from textile dyeing industries of Bhiwandi city, District Thane, State Maharashtra, and analysed for amount of Titanium metal present in the effluent water by spectrophotometric method and equation. The level of this metal obtained by present experimental work is less than the standard value. It was therefore concluded that textile effluents are safe with regards to Titanium metal pollution

Numerical overcurrent Relay is a type of protective relay that operates when a pre-set value exceeds a charge current. Because of its standard technology, numerical relay is better known as present generation relay. Overcurrent relay protects power systems in any aspect of the power network , i.e. transmission lines, transformers, generators or motors, against excessive currents. A relay program that is over-current is coded using the MPLAB platform. With the help of MATLAB Simulation the overcurrent is achieved. By varying the source voltage and the load resistance, we can find the usual load current values (In rms) and automatically increase the load circuit value when the short circuit element is inserted in that model that is being viewed as being overcurrent. Overcurrent data is trained in Artificial Intelligence (Neural Network) and implemented through coding in the NRDE Board. In NRDE testing software, a trip command is observed when overcurrent condition is reached.

Bio implants are getting progressively significant in the cutting edge society because of the reality of a maturing populace and related issues of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Bio-embed area is required to confront a monstrous development in up and coming year. Although a standardized hip joint corrective could be simple resolution to repair most diseases connected to hip joint, it never satisfies the patient's personal needs due to the distinctiveness of human anatomy. Update hip substitution alludes to the procedure to re-establish or supplant a bombed hip substitution. In the course of recent years, general hip substitution has risen as one of the most basic surgery to return sufferers to energetic, contributing people of society. The careful tasks to refresh the exhausted, excruciating hip with prosthetic segments (essential all-out hip substitution) has been led on a large number of patients with wonderful victories with typical barely any entanglements. Generally speaking, a hip option is quickly transforming into an activity sought after by utilizing a mid-ways of life individuals, despite everything working patient populaces who request high highlights and solid mechanical properties to accomplish a particularly energetic way of life.

Exoskeleton are as of now being investigated for help of those with weak limbs. A great deal of paralyzed individuals with motor disabilities are confronting challenges. This paper is to develop a model undertaking of voice worked exoskeleton arm utilizing solar power going about as a help gadget for paralyzed individuals. It audits the upper exoskeleton arm with expanded degrees of freedom (DOF), voice commands and solar power. The exoskeleton arm makes no falsification of supplanting the lost arm, however attempts to supplant a few capacities that were lost. The gadget can be worn according to will and can be evacuated when not needed. A nonattractive material is utilized for the manufacture and will attempt to overcome the confinements in decreased expense and weight.

Aluminium alloy was a predominant metal among alloys elements. The aluminum alloys like Al7075 and Al6061 which has the major elements of Zn, Mg, Cu, Si with which it will improve the hard-brittle crystalline structure and conductivity. To enhance the properties of dissimilar joint metal, TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding is propagated. Mechanical properties like Tensile, Impact, Bending, micro-hardness and the study about microstructure analysis were carried out. As a result, the energy absorbed by the dissimilar joint metal is 16J and the hardness of dissimilar joint metal is 51.3HV.It revealed that, there is a high impact strength and micro-hardness properties. Consequently, the microstructure (HAZ) image exhibits good bonding strength and sufficient plastic deformation was improved due to fine distribution of grains.

Microstrip antenna plays a vital role in wide range of communication systems applications. microstrip antenna is the equipment connecting two are more devices by means of wireless connecting medium. in this manuscript, rectangular patch with circular slot antenna is presented, for ku band applications. Analysis of proposed antenna is carried out on HFSS 13.0 Simulator. Proposed antenna is designed on FR4 Epoxy substrate. The experimental result confirms the proposed antenna operates over the frequency of 13.99GHz to 16.61GHz with the impedance bandwidth of 18.3%.far field of proposed radiator are stable and confirms its better performance in this frequency range.

This study aimed to examine the influence of blended learning on critical thinking of Indonesian Christian students during the covid-19 pandemic era. Blended learning was a mixture of traditional learning and online learning. It was a method that students were freely to study the subject matter independently by utilizing the materials available online or conducting discussions with teachers or other students outside the hours of face-to-face, and teachers could add enrichment materials through internet facilities, might have students read the material or did the tests performed before the study. This method produced a critical thinking, which was a consideration of viewpoint, interpretation and withdrawal of conclusions, assumptions, implications, and consequences, open minds, collecting, assessing and translating relevant information. This study was a quantitative research, using simple linier regression. A hundred and twenty students were randomly selected from schools in Malang East Java Indonesia. The result reveals that blended learning influenced 81.6% adjustment of critical thinking of students. In this regard, Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia should on regular bases organize workshops on blended learning for teachers

Most countries have a high growth rate in agriculture. The agriculture sector determines the economy of each country. The value of the economy depends on agriculture. Agriculture plays an important role in the development of each country. The agriculture sector is driving growth. Most people in India depend on agriculture. They give importance to agriculture. Many people use old technology for agriculture. Population increases in the future are likely to cause food shortages. To prevent this, agriculture needs to be developed. New technologies are welcome. The state should take over the agriculture sector. The state should take up agriculture. The agriculture sector needs to be developed so as not to cause loss to the farmers. Farmers should be given more concessions. New technologies should be introduced to agriculture. Introduction of automatic operating machinery. Solar powered machines should be introduced. The machine buys energy from the sun and converts it into energy. The machine sprinkles the seeds at specified intervals. Automatically pit. Once the seeds are sprayed, they will automatically cover the excavated area. All of these will work automatically. This reduces time and reduces cost. Increasing the savings. The need for human beings decreases. The agricultural sector is booming and the economy is booming. Increasing the value and growth of the economy.

In India, most land is used for agricultural purposes which produces semi- finished products or goods. Groundnut is also one of the agricultural semi- finished goods. Groundnut is grown on small scale farmers in developing countries like India. The average kernel price is approximately twice the price of pod. . Lack of groundnut processing machines, especially groundnut Sheller, is a major problem of groundnut production, especially in our country India. In the beginning the peanuts were separated from its shells by the workers. They simply decoct the groundnut by their hands and separate the peanuts from its shell. The output from this method was very low and it does not fulfill the market demand because it was a very timeconsuming process. Regression models that could be used to express the relationship existing between the Sheller performance indices, pod moisture content and feed rate were established. This paper describes the design and fabrication of various components of groundnut Sheller machines. Hence in this design of various parts are necessary, and design of various parts due to which the design quality of those parts will be improved. Overall, this project involves processes like design, fabrication and assembling of different components etc.

Nowadays all types of garbage are dumped into the dustbin at the buildings (houses), hospitals etc., Hence it is difficult to segregate it. To avoid all such problems, we are going to implement a project where segregation of wet, dry, plastics and metallic wastes automatically using automated smart dust bin and afterwards signal is sent to the Mobile phones. The automated smart dust bin has several features and the main feature of it is to separate the waste automatically. The bin will have four compartments for the segregation of the wastes: for plastic waste, for wet waste, for dry waste and finally for the metallic wastes. Apart from this the bin will have motor for the rotation of the bin. This project makes it hands-free and evidently more hygienic method of separation. The bin will also notify about the amount of wastes filled through an LED. The bin will also alert by sending a message to phone to tell that it is time to throw the garbage. This idea will help us to dispose the waste in a hygienic manner. This project mainly concentrates on domestic wastes whose value is unrecognized since people do not spend time in separating the wastes. Instead of sending them to municipal corporation, waste can be sent directly for recycling if waste is separated at household level.

Electronic Health Record which is also known as EHR which is considered as the replacement of the paper records of the patients in a digital format in the health organizations. EHR plays a major role in treating the patients in all the departments of the medicine. These records consist of the medical history of patients. EHR acts as a medium of communication among healthcare practitioners. A decade ago, EHRs were touted as a key for increasing quality care. Today, providers are using data from patient records to improve quality outcomes through their care management programs. One of the key features of an EHR is that health information can be created and managed by authorized providers in a digital format capable of being shared with other providers across more than one health care organization. EHRs are built to share information with other health care providers and organizations such as laboratories, specialists, medical imaging facilities, pharmacies, emergency facilities, and school and workplace clinics.

The IEEE 802.15.4 technical standard has enabled low-power, low-cost and smart Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) capable of reliable multi-hop communications. The companies like International Oil and Gas Company (IOC), Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) have become the first multinational Oil and Gas Companies operating in the Nigeria Niger Delta region switched from wired to wireless sensor technology. Thus, eliminated the need for cables thereby allowing data collection in remote, swampy areas and enabling new applications. However, using these Wireless Sensor Networks, there are concerns such as reliability, standardisation, energy consumption, data and physical security issues especially in the monitoring of oil and gas installations and infrastructures such as pipelines, oil wells, oil rigs and flow stations. Vandalising and sabotaging of oil pipelines and other infrastructure is common by oil thieves in a region even after the Wireless Sensor deployment. In this paper, the mechanisms that can be carried out to secure oil facilities and wireless sensors being attacked physically or remotely and report incidents on time are discussed.

The Neural network system is an educational paradigm that unites several neural networks to solve a problem. This paper explores the relationship between the ensemble and its networks of neural components, both from the viewpoint of regression and classification, which reveals that certain networks are stronger than other neural networks. This result is surprising because the rest of the neural networks enter the ensemble at present. To prove that a GASEN algorithm efficiently selects the appropriate neural networks to construct an ensemble from different neural networks available. At first several neuronal networks were taught by GASEN. Then the network allocates random weights and uses genetic algorithms to establish these weights to classify the fitness of the neural system in one ensemble to a certain degree. Ultimately, it used the weights designed for the ensemble for certain neural networks. A comprehensive analytical analysis reveals that, in comparison to typical assemblies, such as luggage, GASEN can generate network assemblies with much smaller sizes but with a higher generalization efficiency. This study, in addition, gives the mistake a gradual regression, demonstrating that the performance of GASEN could be that it can greatly reduce its bias and uncertainty such that GASEN is well aware of its operating mechanism.