Understanding the Future Communication: 5G to 6G

This article enrolls the development and review of the 6G(6th Generation) wireless communication technology which is expected in the 2030s and is the first of its kind to review 6G concepts in IoT (Internet of Things). Wireless communication technology will make communication between entities and these technologies are separated as different generations. 6G wireless communication technology will be an application of IoT by bringing the world closer. 6G network implementation will be a promising and developing field in wireless communication technology. In this paper, we discuss how the 6th Generation of wireless communication technologies overcomes the existing problems faced by the previous generation (5G). We have a general architecture for wireless communication technology. By adding some new key concepts (Artificial Intelligence, optical wireless communication, terahertz frequency, and wireless power transfer) to this architecture we can produce a new generation (6G) of wireless technology. This paper also describes the advantages and challenges which can be faced by the 6th generation of wireless communication. A few of the key points trends behind the growth of the 6G wireless communications are green communication, network traffic, intelligent network, localization, new spectrums, high reliability, low latency, high data bit rate, network availability. The 6G will provide a better communication system in the future by ensuring future trends.


Introduction 1.1 Wireless Communication
Wireless technology establishes a connection between two or more entities over some distance without any use of external cables or wires between those entities. The entities indicates any kind of electronic devices like mobile phones,laptops, desktops etc. variety of waves, frequencies and technologies are used to establish the connection betweenthose entities.Wireless communication is the process of transferring some kind of information from one point to other points. Here thedestination can be multiple points which are not physically connected. The distance between the points can be short orso far. The distance and the technologies used between these points will be according to the evolution of the wirelesscommunication. Wireless communication is derived as different generations.it extends from 0 th Generation to 6 th Generation. Every generation of the wireless communication improves their features and functions from their previousgenerations.

6 th Generation of Wireless Communication
6G wireless communication technology will have a huge impact on smart technology. 6G will be fully connected anddigital world. To overcome the challenges of previous generation (5th Generation) of wireless communication andensuring more facilities, a 6th Generation wireless system has to be developed with new attractive features. One of themajor challenges of 5G is massive connectivity. The explosive growth in the number of users over a network is one ofthe reasons for data traffic. So to provide a massive connection we have to ensure more features than the 5G wirelesscommunication through 6th Generation. Not only in massive connectivity has it provided improvements in speed,latency, network resilience and power consumption. The 6G (sixth generation) wireless communication aims to solvethe substantially increased requirement of data rate and the avalanche of traffic volume. The 6G system would also continue the trends of 5G (previous generation), which also includes new services with theaddition of new technologies. The new services or technologies must include in 6G are: •  [9], published the future of wireless communication systems on 6G. The work also reviews the Internet of Bio-Nano Things, the Internet of Nano Things, and quantum communications. 3. Discussions 6th Generation of wireless communication technology is an upcoming future technology that is expected to be introduced in the 2030s. 6G technologies have to be implemented due to the highly increasing data traffic in our daily life. The main feature of 6G is to provide high speed data communication.

Evolutions of 6G.
Wireless communication will reduce the gap between users from everywhere in the world. 6G is a wireless technology used in mobile communications. G stands for generation in 6G. Each generation of wireless communication changes every ten years according to the trends. The wireless communication technology extends from 0G (0th Generation) to 6G (6th Generation). Every generation of wireless technology brings new and exciting features. 6G wireless communication system was implemented to overcome the constraints of 5G for supporting new challenges and it will also continue the trends of the previous generations. The key drivers of 6G will be the convergence of all the past features, such as network densifications, high throughput, high reliability, low energy consumption, and massive connectivity. The most important requirement for 6G wireless networks is the capability of handling massive volumes of data, very high-data-rate connectivity per device, and ensuring high speed data transfer. For a better communication technology, 6G will replace gigahertz frequency (GBPS) from 5G to Terahertz frequency.

General Architecture of Wireless Technology
The communication between the entities (devices) doesn't generate directly from one entity (sender) to another (receiver). The data to be communicated is transferred to a server and then the particular data is transferred to the receiver from this private server of the network. Many technologies and concepts are used between these data transfers from a device to a server and vice versa. The general architecture representation of wireless communication technology is given below. The data sent from the sender (EU) breaks into packets and these packets reaches the server to store these data through EUTRAN and EPC.

Equipment of user
User equipment indicates any kind of device which is used by the user for wireless communication. An Each equipment of the user must contain 3 hardware components which are listed below.  Terminal Equipment (TE): It is used to terminate the data streams.
 Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC): UICC is also known as SIM cards. It runs an application which is used for storing the details of the user on a communication.

Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
EUTRAN will control all the radio communication between the mobile and the packet core which is evolved in it. It acts as an intermediate between EU and EPC. It contains number of base stations (eNB-eNodeB). The data to be sent will reach the EPC by traveling through different base stations in EUTRAN from one place to another.

Evolved Packet Core
EPC act as an intermediate between EUTRAN and the server for transmission of data. EPC contains 4 components and each component has its functions and they are illustrated below:  The serving gateway (SGW) acts as a bridge to forward the data between the base station and the PDN gateway.
 The Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) acts as a bridge to forward the data between the SGW and the server.
 The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) stores the information about all the network operator's subscribers.
 The Mobile Management Entity (MME) controls the high level operation of the entities by signaling messages and providing information to Home Subscriber Server (HSS).

Servers Private Data Networks.
Servers PDNs: It stands for Private Data Network Network's Server. PDN server is used to store the data used by entities for the communication between them.

Technologies used in 6G.
Every generation of wireless communication technology uses different new technology concepts according to their trends. Likewise, 6G also differs in its technologies used from the previous generation. These technologies make 6G a proper future advanced generation of wireless communication technology. 6G uses mainly 4 concepts, they are Terahertz communication, Artificial intelligence, optical wireless communication and wireless power transfer.

Optical wireless communication
Optical wireless communication (OWC) uses visible light as the medium for the transmission of data. We know that light is the fastest medium in the world. So the OWC ensures high speed data transmission.
The optical wireless communicationwill solve the data transfer rate issue which is raised in the5G (previous generation). It also provides a low latency rate, long range communication, and secure communication.

Wireless Power Transfer
There are several base stations in Wireless technology for transferring the data for communication. The data packet is transferred from one base station (sender) to another (receiver), for that we need some kind of power has to be transferred. 6G uses the new concept of WIET (Wireless Information and Energy Transfer) for the transmission of data packets.

Terahertz communication
The 6th generation of wireless communication uses the terahertz frequency where the previous generation (5G) uses the Gigahertz frequency. The terahertz frequency contains its advantages. The terahertz frequency bandwidth ranges from 0.1THz to 10 THz. It ensures short range communication between two entities. It will play a crucial role in 6 G supplying more bandwidth, more capacity, ultrahigh data rates, and secure transmission.

Artificial Intelligence
The 6G will be the first generation to introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence in Wireless communication technology . There arose many  complex  situations  while  establishing  communication  between entities. These complexities can be solved by those entities themselves by using the concept of Artificial Intelligence.
Advancements in Artificial Intelligence will bring more intelligent networks for real time communications in 6G. The introduction of AI in 6G communication will improve and simplify the transmission of real time data.

Advantages
It supports a higher number of mobile connections than the 5G network which is about10 x 105 per Km2.
 6G will optimize the healthcare sector by eliminating time and space barriers through remote surgery and ensures workflow optimization of health care.
 Mobile traffics are increasing indoors. To solve this issue 6G introduced DAS (Distributed Antenna System).
 6G will allow real time access to the users instantly.
 6G offers a very high data rate (Tb/sec) and very low latency (sub ms), so we can use 6G in many application areas of communication. that is expected to be introduced in the 2030s. It is very difficult to fulfill the requirement of the future generation in wireless communication due to the increase in network traffic in our daily life. The 6G have to be implemented to solve the requirements in the future communication process. The 6th generation also brings new features and benefits over 5G networks (previous generation). 6G provides improvements in areas like network availability, high reliability and low latency, high data bit rate, network availability, green communication, intelligent network, localization, and new spectrums. 6G technology will improve the performance and minimizes the energy consumption in wireless communication. 6G communication systems also ensure the trends of the future generation. The 6G wireless technology provides a better future communication system. The 6th Generation of wireless communication ensures more speed and encrypted communication according to the requirements in the future. 6G can be used in many areas like extended reality, wireless brain computer interaction, robotics and autonomous system, haptic communication, automation and manufacturing, Internet of everything etc. 6G generates an optimized communication for these areas of technologies.