Sustainable Concrete with Bethamcherla Waste Stone and Polyvinyl-Alcohol: Mechanical Properties and NDT Evaluation

Abstract

Concrete is the most widely used construction material globally, valued for its strength, durability, and versatility. With the increasing demand for sustainable construction practices, the search for alternative materials that maintain performance while conserving resources has become essential. This study explores the development of M20 and M50 grade concrete using partial replacement of conventional coarse aggregates with Bethamcherla stone at varying levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by weight. Bethamcherla stone, known for its distinct physical characteristics, is investigated for its potential to enhance resource efficiency in concrete production. Additionally, a self-curing agent, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), is incorporated at dosages of 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.12%, and 0.24% by weight of cement. PVA aids in internal moisture retention, reducing the need for external water curing particularly beneficial in water-scarce regions. The performance of the modified concrete is evaluated through tests on fresh properties such as workability and slump, as well as hardened properties like compressive strength using rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests conducted at 7, 14, and 28 days. The findings aim to support the development of environmentally conscious concrete that meets structural and performance standards while addressing resource and water management challenges.