Advance Techniques for Diclofenac Removal from Pharmaceutical Wastewater: A Review

Abstract

Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory, non-steroidal drug used to treat pain and inflammatory disorders
such as gout. Since diclofenac is not fully absorbed in the body, it is apparent that a part of it is
defecated and enters the aqueous system. Diclofenac may also be fed to the natural environment by
waste from the pharmaceutical industry. Diclofenac 's presence in nature may have adverse effects on
living organisms. In reality, human life and the health of natural ecosystems can be widely jeopardized.
Therefore, various remediation techniques, like advanced oxidation processes, membrane filtration,
biological treatment, electro-coagulation etc., are reviewed and contrasted in this review paper in order
to eliminate diclofenac from the waste water or reduce its life to a minimum. Though, currently, many
conventional techniques are being used for the removal of such persistent compounds but more
advanced techniques should be introduced to mitigate the environmental and human health risk.