Performance Analysis of Notch Filter in ECG Signal Noise Reduction

Abstract

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a medical test that records the normal and abnormal condition of the heart. It is an essential tool for identifying various cardiac-related issues. However, ECG waves are often distorted by diverse noise sources, such as movement artifacts or electrical interference. To remove these artifacts and enhance the quality of the ECG signal, various filters are commonly used. The choice of filter type depends on the definite necessities of the application. FIR filters are used in the area that needs linear time response and accurate amplitude response. They have a stable and predictable response and are more robust to coefficient quantization errors. However, they require a larger number of coefficients to achieve the desired frequency response, which can lead to increased computational complexity. The use of digital filters, specifically notch filters, for denoising ECG signals is an effective technique. Adders are essential components in the design of notch filters, and researchers have been exploring different types of adders to improve the parameters of these filters. In this paper, the Ripple carry adder, Carry select Adder, and adder using Carry skip are compared in terms of their performance parameters, including area, delay, and power consumption. The RCA is a basic adder, while the C-Skip and C-Select adder are designed to reduce the delay of the addition operation. The results of the study showed that the C-Skip and C-Select adder outperformed the R-Carry adder in terms of delay and power consumption. The C-select adder had the lowest delay, while the C-Skip adder had the lowest power consumption. However, the area of the C-select Adder was larger compared to the other adders. Overall, the selection of adder depends on the particular need of the application. Notch filter used for ECG noise removal designed using these adders and its performance is analyzed.