Biodiversity Patterns and Conservation Strategies in Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary

Abstract

The study examines biodiversity of Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary, a crucial ecological region near Bhubaneswar in Odisha, India. Extending over the Khordha and Cuttack districts, the sanctuary area measures approximately 193 square Kilometers and constitutes a region of the Eastern Ghats topography. It is mostly a dry deciduous forest community with Sal (Shorea robusta) and mixed species as the dominant one, offering a natural environment to a diverse array of flora and fauna. The goal of this research work is to record and examine the species composition, diversity, its distribution in sanctuary and determine the ecological processes and also conservation issues influencing in distinctive habitat. Field surveys were carried out in various zones of the sanctuary with conventional ecological techniques like transect walks, quadrat sampling, and camera trapping. The research documented a diversified richness of plant species consisting of medicinal plants, shrubs, grasses, and climbers supporting the livelihood of various animal species. The faunal diversity comprises large mammals like the Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus), leopard (Panthera pardus), spotted deer (Axis axis), wild boar (Sus scrofa), and a number of species of primates and small mammals. The sanctuary also has a diverse range of birdlife, reptiles, amphibians, insects, adding to its ecological richness and productivity. The study recognizes some of the major threats to biodiversity, mostly emanating from anthropogenic influences like deforestation, poaching, encroachment, cattle grazing, and urbanization because of the close location of Bhubaneswar city. Human-wildlife conflict, particularly with elephants, and habitat fragmentation have turned out to be serious problems for the ecological integrity of the sanctuary. Water body degradation and riparian vegetation loss have also affected the habitat quality for aquatic and semi-aquatic organisms. The research also emphasizes to intensive conservation efforts to protect Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary's biodiversity. The proposed steps are restoration of habitat through afforestation, intensification of anti-poaching patrols, establishment of wildlife corridors, and augmentation of water resources. In addition, community participation and environmental education are necessary to ensure sustainable cohabitation between people and wildlife. In conclusion, the current study offers useful baseline data regarding the status of biodiversity at Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary, which can provide insights for future conservation research, policy, and ecosystem management. Conservation of this sanctuary is important, not only for regional biodiversity maintenance but also for ecological balance sustenance as well as environmental resilience upholding in Odisha.