IoT Based Smart Irrigation for Multi Cropping System

An IoT based smart programmed multi cropping water system control gadget has been intended to encourage the automatic water supply of adequate water from a sump or well to field or multi cropping crops in all agricultural season. One of the main objective of this project is to avoid manpower for every irrigation purposes with proper interval based on multi cropping system. The technique utilized is to consistently monitor the real time gap and crop duration, fertilizer duration for feed to cropping system. And also how much water is required for each different kind of crops in multi cropping system. The pump motor will operate based on the microcontroller system output. The different valve system will operate by proper relay driver system for dripping the individual cropping system. The exclusive android application will help and monitor the real scenario for dripping system. The application is running based on the customer input data, once owner feed the data will stored in cloud and the microcontroller will get the data from cloud and control the valve systems. The manual setting system also included in this gadget. The arduino board is specially designed circuit board for programming and prototyping with ATMEL microcontroller. The microcontroller used in this arduino is ATmega 328 which is in-built in arduino board and the coding are done in embedded C.


Introduction
Irrigation and fertiliser feeding are the two most important factors, which decide the agriculture productivity and its production. As India consumes 80% of total available water resources for irrigation purpose, there is an urgent need to reduce water consumption using advanced scientific techniques. The water is the biggest resource for the development of life on earth. Now days, it is scarce. In this way, we have to utilize it with absolute consideration. During water system water wastage ought to be stayed away from. The plants or harvest ought to be flooded just when they should be. At the point when plants come to pass more measure of water, the relative humidity of atmosphere increases. The presence of large amount of relative humidity increases the chances of disease attack. So, the status of soil moisture in the field requires periodic inspection, from where one can come to know, when the next irrigation should be done and how much amount of water should be applied. IoT based wireless sensor networks have a lot of applications in agriculture, such as monitoring atmospheric temperature and humidity, soil moisture content etc. The main units of sensor network are data acquisition or sensor unit, processing unit, communication protocol and power supply unit.
International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub (IRJASH) 8

Literature Review
In this proposed IoT based Multi cropping system Figure 1 shows contains powerful exclusive microcontroller, Real time clock in order to track real time for system on/off. In this system have an option of manual mode and automatic mode. User or land owner can choose their operation based on their choice.

a. Block Diagram
Manual mode contains four sensitive soft switches namely mode, crop 1 timer, crop 2 timer and crop 3 timer. The 4*20 Liquid crystal Display shows the operation and act as a user interface system. The relay driver system contains 1k resistor and Microcontroller will deliver only 5V amplitude pulse. That pulse will not drive the external relay that why we are using relay driver circuit. In this proposed system interconnected with Real time Clock (RTC), because it will track real time, hour, month and year. 12V powerful high sensitive solenoid relay used to turn on or off the valve system for dripping. The entire power supply taking from 230V, 50Hz AC supply to DC converter, otherwise battery will supply. Solar power supply also used for system run. Figure 2 shows the proposed irrigation system for Multi cropping system. Three main valves are used for individual cropping systems. Each valve supplies water system for each crops. The main valve supply to their individual branch water piping system. The fertilizer valve system also supply heart valve system. Based on the selection crop by customer, fertilizer mixer N,P,K will feed to crops. 2N2222 transistor, it will turn on/off the external relay system. Microcontroller will deliver only 5V amplitude pulse.[1−5] That pulse will not drive the external relay that why we are using relay driver circuit. In this proposed system interconnected with Real time Clock (RTC), because it will track real time, hour, month and year. 12V powerful high sensitive solenoid relay used to turn on or off the valve system for dripping. The entire power supply taking from 230V, 50Hz AC supply to DC converter, otherwise battery will supply. Solar power supply also used for system run. Figure 2 shows the proposed irrigation system for Multi cropping system. Three main valves are used for individual cropping systems. Each valve supplies water system for each crops. The main valve supply to their individual branch water piping system. The fertilizer valve system also supply heart valve system. Based on the selection crop by customer, fertilizer mixer N,P,K will feed to crops.

3.MIT APP Inventor
MIT App Inventor is a web platform designed to show computational thinking concepts through development of mobile applications. Every people can create applications by dragging and dropping components into a design view and using a visual blocks language to program application behaviour. The MIT App Inventor interface includes two main editors: the planning editor and therefore the blocks editor.

Figure 3. MIT App Inventor Blocks
The design editor, or designer Fig. 3., is drag and drop interface to lay out the elements of the application's user interface (UI). The blocks editor Fig. 4 is a domain during which application creators can outwardly spread out the rationale of their applications utilizing shading coded hinders that snap together like unique pieces to clarify the program. To aid in development and testing, App Inventor provides a mobile app called the App Inventor Companion (or just "the Companion") that developers can use to check and adjust the behaviour of their apps in real time. Right now, can rapidly assemble a portable application and promptly start to emphasize and test.

Figure 4. MIT App Inventor Designer
The smartphone is an information nexus in today's digital age, with access to an almost infinite supply of content on the online , including rich sensors and private data. Be that as it may, individuals experience issues bridling the full intensity of these universal gadgets for themselves and their networks. Most smartphone users consume technology without having the ability to supply it, albeit local problems can often be solved with mobile devices. MIT App Inventor is intended to democratize this innovation and is utilized as a device for learning computational speculation during a kind of instructive settings, educating individuals to create apps to solve problems in their communities. MIT App Inventor is a web development platform that anyone can leverage to unravel real-world problems. It gives an online "What you see is what you get" (WYSIWYG) editor for building PDA applications concentrating on the Android and iOS working systems. It utilizes a square put together programing language worked with respect to Google Blockly We talk about the educational estimation of MIT App Inventor and its utilization as an instrument to appear and support individuals of any age to think and act computationally. We also describe three applications developed by students in several parts of the planet to unravel real issues in their communities. We conclude by discussing the restrictions and benefits of tools like App Inventor and proposing new directions for research. [11−14]

Design using the companion
A key feature of MIT App Inventor is its live development environment for mobile applications. Application Inventor gives this by methods for a buddy application introduced on the client's cell phone. The App Inventor web interface sends code to the buddy application, which deciphers the code and shows the application continuously to the designer (Fig. 5). This way, the user can change the app's interface and behaviour in real time. for instance , a student making a game involving the ball component might want to bounce the ball off the sting of the play area. However, an initial implementation may need the ball hit the wall then stop. After discovering the Ball. Edge Reached occasion, the researcher can include the occasion and update the heading of the ball utilizing the Ball Bounce technique.

Figure.6. Diagram of NodeMCU (esp8266)
The firmware provides an easy programming environment, which may be a very simple and fast scripting language The ESP8266 chip incorporates on a typical circuit card . The board features a built-in USB port that's already wired up with the chip, a hardware push button , Wi-Fi antenna, LED lights, and standard-sized GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins which will plug into a bread board. Figure-6

6.Result and Conclusion
As a whole, the project are often rated as successful having the ability to satisfy the first target alright and obtain the device working for the exhibition. During the work, trying the new things and getting failed numerous times taught quite good lessons which can be treasured for business life . Many new things were learnt during the project, microcontroller programming being the another notable. The proposed IoT based smart irrigation system for multi cropping system was tested in simulation field also as prototype. The prototype gave good result with proper operation. during this way we will eliminate man power for irrigation system also as proper fertiliser feeding system. The android app or MIT app comminute with cloud and operate microcontroller. The relays are properly did their works and operate the valves. In real time web based multi cropping drip automation system this project are often extended in future to make sure the high security, the fertiliser level and dripping water quantity are often monitored through online proper flow sensors. In future we will develop exclusive application with domain based system. during this system we will implement multiple units for various fields.